Myanmar’s Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) has warned that extreme weather events, including high temperatures and drought, may occur during the coming cold and hot seasons due to the El Niño phenomenon.

According to the DMH, sea surface temperatures and atmospheric conditions in the Tropical Pacific Ocean near the equator remain under a very strong El Niño condition. Based on forecasts and assessments drawn from announcements by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and international climate centres, El Niño is expected to reach its peak intensity in November and December 2026, the department said.

Although El Niño is a phenomenon that occurs in the Pacific Ocean, its impacts can extend to other regions, causing abnormal rainfall patterns and irregular storm activity. The DMH warned that these effects could also lead to extreme weather events, including higher temperatures and drought during the coming cold and hot seasons.

The department further cautioned that El Niño could bring elevated temperatures and water shortages in the coming seasons. Water levels in rivers, streams, lakes, wells and reservoirs may decline, potentially resulting in shortages of drinking water and irrigation supplies, as well as inadequate water availability for various needs.

Other possible consequences include heatstroke, dehydration and diarrhoeal diseases associated with water shortages. In addition, reduced inflows into reservoirs could lower hydropower generation capacity, while demand for electricity could rise due to increased consumption during periods of high temperatures.

In view of these potential impacts, the DMH has recommended that relevant sectors make the necessary preparations in advance to mitigate the possible consequences.

The department also stated that it would continue to issue timely updates on developments related to the El Niño phenomenon.